Can someone help me on this biology question regarding the urinary system?

Question

Ok so like, this is kind of a matching question right? And I'm kind of stuck. Here's the question:

Case 1
Young adolescent boy dressed in soccer uniform. Complaining of pain in lower back. When examined he has a large bruise in the painful region of his back. His urine sample is tinged red. He has no fever, no other pain and is otherwise quite healthy and normal.

Case 2
Older female patient dressed in nightclothes. Urine sample indicates abnormal levels of nutrients, salts, and urea. Patient is lehergic (seems tired and has difficulty moving) and complains of felling unwell. Blood work indicates elevated levels of white blood cells.

Case 3
Middle aged overweight man. Complains of being thirsty and urinating frequently. Patient complains of being extremely weak and tired. Blood work shows elevated levels of glucose. Urine contains glucose and is very dilute.

Case 4
Patient has extremely low blood pressure caused by congestive heart failure; unable to provide a urine sample. Patient reports that no urine has been produced for two days. Patient is extremely weak and feels terrible. Blood work shows elevated levels of urea and imbalance electrolytes (ions in blood.)


Now here are the response boxes:


1- Patient experiencing kidney failure.

2- Patient has received an injury to the kidney and nephrons are physically damaged.

3- Patient has in infection which has damaged the nephrons.

4- Patient is diabetic.

So yeah it's basically matching which symptom goes with which case.

Thanks guys for helping me out! I really appreciate it! ^_^

Answer 1

Case 1 --(2)-- soccer player with bruise on kidney area suggests injury or blunt trauma to kidney area.

Case 2 --(3)-- blood work with elevated white cells indicate infection.

Case 3 --(4)--Obesity, excessive thirst and frequent urination are symptoms of Diabetis Mellitus

Case 4 --(1)--CHF, low BP, weakness and high BUN points to kidney failure.

Answer 2

1 = 2

2 = 3

3 =4

4 = 1

Answer 3

1

Answer 4

The urinary system or known as the micturition system is the organ system that produces, stores, and eliminate urine. In humans it includes two kidneys, two ureters, the bladder, and the urethra. The analogous organ in invertebrates is the nephridium. every human has two kidneys. The kidneys are bean-shaped organs about the size of a bar of soap. The kidneys lie in the abdomen, posterior or retroperitoneal to the organs of digestion, around or just below the ribcage and close to the lumbar spine. The kidneys are surrounded by what is called peri-nephric fat, and situated on the superior pole of each kidney is an adrenal gland. The kidneys receive their blood supply of 1.25 L/min (25% of the cardiac output) from the renal arteries which are fed by the Abdominal aorta. This is important because the kidneys' main role is to filter water soluble waste products from the blood. The other attatchment of the kidneys are at their functional endpoints the ureters, which lies more medial and runs down to the trigone of the bladder. Functionally the kidney performs a number of tasks. In its role in the urinary system it concentrates urine, plays a crucial role in regulating electrolyes, and maintains acid-base homeostasis. The kidney excretes and re-absorbs electrolytes (e.g. sodium, potassium and calcium) under the influence of local and systemic hormones. pH balance is regulated by the excretion of bound acids and ammonium ions. In addition, they remove urea, a nitrogenous waste product from the metabolism of proteins from amino acids. The end point is a hyperosmolar solution carrying waste for storage in the bladder prior to urination. Humans produce about 1.5 liters of urine over 24 hours, although this amount may vary according to circumstances. Because the rate of filtration at the kidney is proportional to the glomerular filtration rate, which is in turn related to the blood flow through the kidney, changes in body fluid status can effect kidney function. Hormones exogenous and endogenous to the kidney alter the amount of blood flowing through the glomerulus. Some medications interfere directly or indirectly with urine production. Diuretics achieve this by altering the amount of absorbed or excreted electrolytes or osmalites, which causes a diuresis. Ureters Urine is stored in the renal pelvis (or pyelum), which overlaps the ureters, which carry urine to the bladder. The ureters are about 200 to 250 mm (8 to 10 inches) long. Smooth muscular tissue in the walls of the ureters peristaltically force the urine downward. Small amounts of toxic waste is emptied into the bladder from the ureters about every 50 to 60 hours . Bladder The urinary bladder is a hollow muscular organ shaped like a balloon. It is located in the \ The bladder stores urine; it swells into a round shape when it is full and gets smaller when empty. In the absence of bladder disease, it can hold up to 500 mL (17 fl. oz.) of urine comfortably for two to five hours. The epithelial tissue associated with the bladder is called transitional epithelium. It allows the bladder to stretch to accommodate urine without rupturing the tissue. Normally the bladder is sterile. Sphincters (circular muscles) regulate the flow of urine from the bladder. The bladder itself has a muscular layer (detrusor muscle) that, when contracted, increases pressure on the bladder and creates urinary flow. Urination is a conscious process, generally initiated by stretch receptors in the bladder wall which signal to the brain that the bladder is full. This is felt as an urge to urinate. When urination is initiated, the sphincter relaxes and the detrusor muscle contracts, producing urinary flow. Urethra The endpoint of the urinary system is the urethra. Typically the urethra in humans is colonised by commensal bacteria below the external urethral sphincter. The urethra emerges from the end of the penis in males and between the clitoris and vulva in females.